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Presidents, Vice Presidents, & Coinciding Sessions of Congress | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives

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White House, official residence of the president of the United States, May 2006

The president of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States,[1]indirectly elected to a four-year term via the Electoral College.[2] The officeholder leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.[3] Since the office was established in 1789, 45 men have served in 46 presidencies. The first president, George Washington, won a unanimous vote of the Electoral College;[4] one, Grover Cleveland, served two non-consecutive terms and is therefore counted as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, giving rise to the discrepancy between the number of presidencies and the number of persons who have served as president.[5]

The presidency of William Henry Harrison, who died 31 days after taking office in 1841, was the shortest in American history.[6]Franklin D. Roosevelt served the longest, over twelve years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. He is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms.[7] Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected president more than twice, and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than once.[8]

Four presidents died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding, and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley and John F. Kennedy), and one resigned (Richard Nixon, facing impeachment).[9]John Tyler was the first vice president to assume the presidency during a presidential term, and set the precedent that a vice president who does so becomes the fully functioning president with his presidency.[10]

Throughout most of its history, American politics has been dominated by political parties. The Constitution is silent on the issue of political parties, and at the time it came into force in 1789, no organized parties existed. Soon after the 1st Congress convened, factions began rallying around dominant Washington administration officials, such as Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson.[11] Concerned about the capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. He was, and remains, the only U.S. president never affiliated with a political party.[12]

The incumbent president is Joe Biden.[13] There are five living former presidents: Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump. The most recent to die was George H. W. Bush, on November 30, 2018.[14]

Presidents

List of presidents of the United States from 1789 – till date.
No.[a] Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term[15] Party[b][16] Election Vice President[17]
1 Painting of George Washington George Washington
(1732–1799)
[18]		 April 30, 1789
–
March 4, 1797 		Unaffiliated 1788–89

1792

John Adams[c]
2 Painting of John Adams John Adams
(1735–1826)
[20]		 March 4, 1797
–
March 4, 1801 		Federalist 1796 Thomas Jefferson[d]
3 Painting of Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson
(1743–1826)
[22]		 March 4, 1801
–
March 4, 1809 		Democratic-
Republican 		1800

1804

Aaron Burr

George Clinton[e]
4 Painting of James Madison James Madison
(1751–1836)
[24]		 March 4, 1809
–
March 4, 1817 		Democratic-
Republican 		1808

1812

George Clinton

Vacant after
April 20, 1812

Elbridge Gerry[e]

Vacant after
November 23, 1814

5 Painting of James Monroe James Monroe
(1758–1831)
[25]		 March 4, 1817
–
March 4, 1825 		Democratic-
Republican 		1816

1820

Daniel D. Tompkins
6 Painting of John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams
(1767–1848)
[26]		 March 4, 1825
–
March 4, 1829 		Democratic-
Republican[f]

National Republican

1824 John C. Calhoun[g]
7 Painting of Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson
(1767–1845)
[29]		 March 4, 1829
–
March 4, 1837 		Democratic 1828

1832

John C. Calhoun[h]

Vacant after
December 28, 1832

Martin Van Buren

8 Painting of Martin Van Buren Martin Van Buren
(1782–1862)
[30]		 March 4, 1837
–
March 4, 1841 		Democratic 1836 Richard Mentor Johnson
9 Painting of William Henry Harrison William Henry Harrison
(1773–1841)
[31]		 March 4, 1841
–
April 4, 1841[e]		 Whig 1840 John Tyler
10 Black-and-white photographic portrait of John Tyler John Tyler
(1790–1862)
[32]		 April 4, 1841[i]
–
March 4, 1845 		Whig[j]

Unaffiliated

– Vacant throughout
presidency
11 Black-and-white photographic portrait of James K. Polk James K. Polk
(1795–1849)
[35]		 March 4, 1845
–
March 4, 1849 		Democratic 1844 George M. Dallas
12 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor
(1784–1850)
[36]		 March 4, 1849
–
July 9, 1850[e]		 Whig 1848 Millard Fillmore
13 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore
(1800–1874)
[37]		 July 9, 1850[k]
–
March 4, 1853 		Whig – Vacant throughout
presidency
14 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Franklin Pierce Franklin Pierce
(1804–1869)
[39]		 March 4, 1853
–
March 4, 1857 		Democratic 1852 William R. King[e]

Vacant after
April 18, 1853

15 Black-and-white photographic portrait of James Buchanan James Buchanan
(1791–1868)
[40]		 March 4, 1857
–
March 4, 1861 		Democratic 1856 John C. Breckinridge
16 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln
(1809–1865)
[41]		 March 4, 1861
–
April 15, 1865[e]		 Republican

National Union[l]

 1860

1864

Hannibal Hamlin

Andrew Johnson

17 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson
(1808–1875)
[43]		 April 15, 1865
–
March 4, 1869 		National Union[m]

Democratic

– Vacant throughout
presidency
18 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant
(1822–1885)
[44]		 March 4, 1869
–
March 4, 1877 		Republican 1868

1872

Schuyler Colfax

Henry Wilson[e]

Vacant after
November 22, 1875

19 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Rutherford B. Hayes Rutherford B. Hayes
(1822–1893)
[45]		 March 4, 1877
–
March 4, 1881 		Republican 1876 William A. Wheeler
20 Black-and-white photographic portrait of James A. Garfield James A. Garfield
(1831–1881)
[46]		 March 4, 1881
–
September 19, 1881[e]		 Republican 1880 Chester A. Arthur
21 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Chester A. Arthur Chester A. Arthur
(1829–1886)
[47]		 September 19, 1881[n]
–
March 4, 1885 		Republican – Vacant throughout
presidency
22 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland
(1837–1908)
[50]		 March 4, 1885
–
March 4, 1889 		Democratic 1884 Thomas A. Hendricks[e]

Vacant after
November 25, 1885

23 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison
(1833–1901)
[51]		 March 4, 1889
–
March 4, 1893 		Republican 1888 Levi P. Morton
24 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland
(1837–1908)
[50]		 March 4, 1893
–
March 4, 1897 		Democratic 1892 Adlai Stevenson I
25 Black-and-white photographic portrait of William McKinley William McKinley
(1843–1901)
[52]		 March 4, 1897
–
September 14, 1901[e]		 Republican 1896

1900

Garret Hobart[e]

Vacant after
November 21, 1899

Theodore Roosevelt

26 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt
(1858–1919)
[53]		 September 14, 1901
–
March 4, 1909 		Republican –

1904

Vacant through
March 4, 1905

Charles W. Fairbanks

27 Black-and-white photographic portrait of William Howard Taft William Howard Taft
(1857–1930)
[54]		 March 4, 1909
–
March 4, 1913 		Republican 1908 James S. Sherman[e]

Vacant after
October 30, 1912

28 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson
(1856–1924)
[55]		 March 4, 1913
–
March 4, 1921 		Democratic 1912

1916

Thomas R. Marshall
29 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Warren G. Harding Warren G. Harding
(1865–1923)
[56]		 March 4, 1921
–
August 2, 1923[e]		 Republican 1920 Calvin Coolidge
30 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge
(1872–1933)
[57]		 August 2, 1923[o]
–
March 4, 1929 		Republican –

1924

Vacant through
March 4, 1925

Charles G. Dawes

31 Black-and-white photographic portrait of Herbert Hoover Herbert Hoover
(1874–1964)
[60]		 March 4, 1929
–
March 4, 1933 		Republican 1928 Charles Curtis
32 Photographic portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt
(1882–1945)
[61]		 March 4, 1933
–
April 12, 1945[e]		 Democratic 1932

1936

1940

1944

John Nance Garner

Henry A. Wallace

Harry S. Truman

33 Photographic portrait of Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman
(1884–1972)
[62]		 April 12, 1945
–
January 20, 1953 		Democratic –

1948

Vacant through
January 20, 1949

Alben W. Barkley

34 Photographic portrait of Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight D. Eisenhower
(1890–1969)
[63]		 January 20, 1953
–
January 20, 1961 		Republican 1952

1956

Richard Nixon
35 Photographic portrait of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy
(1917–1963)
[64]		 January 20, 1961
–
November 22, 1963[e]		 Democratic 1960 Lyndon B. Johnson
36 Photographic portrait of Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson
(1908–1973)
[65]		 November 22, 1963
–
January 20, 1969 		Democratic –

1964

Vacant through
January 20, 1965

Hubert Humphrey

37 Photographic portrait of Richard Nixon Richard Nixon
(1913–1994)
[66]		 January 20, 1969
–
August 9, 1974[h]		 Republican 1968

1972

Spiro Agnew[h]

Vacant:
October 10 – December 6, 1973

Gerald Ford[p]
38 Photographic portrait of Gerald Ford Gerald Ford
(1913–2006)
[67]		 August 9, 1974
–
January 20, 1977 		Republican – Vacant through
December 19, 1974

Nelson Rockefeller[p]
39 Photographic portrait of Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter
(b. 1924)
[68]		 January 20, 1977
–
January 20, 1981 		Democratic 1976 Walter Mondale
40 Photographic portrait of Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan
(1911–2004)
[69]		 January 20, 1981
–
January 20, 1989 		Republican 1980

1984

George H. W. Bush
41 Photographic portrait of George H. W. Bush George H. W. Bush
(1924–2018)
[70]		 January 20, 1989
–
January 20, 1993 		Republican 1988 Dan Quayle
42 Photographic portrait of Bill Clinton Bill Clinton
(b. 1946)
[71]		 January 20, 1993
–
January 20, 2001 		Democratic 1992

1996

Al Gore
43 Photographic portrait of George W. Bush George W. Bush
(b. 1946)
[72]		 January 20, 2001
–
January 20, 2009 		Republican 2000

2004

Dick Cheney
44 Photographic portrait of Barack Obama Barack Obama
(b. 1961)
[73]		 January 20, 2009
–
January 20, 2017 		Democratic 2008

2012

Joe Biden
45 Photographic portrait of Donald Trump Donald Trump
(b. 1946)
[74]		 January 20, 2017
–
January 20, 2021 		Republican 2016 Mike Pence
46 Photographic portrait of Joe Biden Joe Biden
(b. 1942)
[13]		 January 20, 2021
–
Incumbent 		Democratic 2020 Kamala Harris

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Presidents are numbered according to uninterrupted periods served by the same person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Upon the resignation of 37th president, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford became the 38th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Nixon’s second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd president and the 24th president because his two terms were not consecutive. A vice president who temporarily becomes acting president under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution is not counted, because the president remains in office during such a period.
  2. ^ Reflects the president’s political party at the start of their presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted. Also reflects the vice president’s political party unless otherwise noted beside the individual’s name.
  3. ^ Political parties had not been anticipated when the Constitution was drafted, nor did they exist at the time of the first presidential election in 1788–89. When they did develop, during Washington’s first term, Adams joined the faction that became the Federalist Party. The elections of 1792 were the first ones in the United States that were contested on anything resembling a partisan basis.[19]
  4. ^ The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and the only one in which a president and vice president were elected from opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected president, and Jefferson of the Democratic-Republicans was elected vice president.[21]
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Died in office[23]
  6. ^ Early during Adams’ term the Democratic-Republican Party dissolved; his allies in Congress and at the state-level were referred to as “Adams’ Men” during the Adams presidency. When Andrew Jackson became president in 1829, this group became the “Anti-Jackson” opposition, and organized themselves as the National Republican Party.[27]
  7. ^ John Calhoun, formerly a Democratic-Republican, founded the Nullifier Party in 1828 to oppose the Tariff of 1828 and advance the cause of states’ rights, but was brought on as Andrew Jackson’s running mate in the 1828 presidential election in an effort to broaden the democratic coalition led by Jackson.[28]
  8. ^ a b c Resigned from office[23]
  9. ^ John Tyler was sworn in as president on April 6, 1841.[33]
  10. ^ John Tyler was elected vice president on the Whig Party ticket in 1840. His policy priorities as president soon proved to be opposed to most of the Whig agenda, and he was expelled from the party five months in office.[34]
  11. ^ Millard Fillmore was sworn in as president on July 10, 1850.[38]
  12. ^ When he ran for reelection in 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln formed a bipartisan electoral alliance with War Democrats by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate, and running on the National Union Party ticket.[42]
  13. ^ While president, Johnson tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union banner. Near the end of his presidency, Johnson rejoined the Democratic Party.[43]
  14. ^ Chester A. Arthur was initially sworn in as president on September 20, 1881,[48] and then again on September 22.[49]
  15. ^ Calvin Coolidge was initially sworn in as president on August 3, 1923,[58] and then again on August 21.[59]
  16. ^ a b Appointed as vice president under terms of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, Section 2[23]

References

  1. ^ Rossiter (1962), p. 86.
  2. ^ Shugart (2004), pp. 633–636.
  3. ^ Epstein (2005), p. 318.
  4. ^ Matuz (2001), p. xxii.
  5. ^ Schaller & Williams (2003), p. 192.
  6. ^ McHugh & Mackowiak (2014), pp. 990–995.
  7. ^ Skau (1974), pp. 246–275.
  8. ^ Peabody & Gant (1999), p. 565.
  9. ^ Abbott (2005), pp. 627–644.
  10. ^ Dinnerstein (1962), pp. 447–451.
  11. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections (2010), p. 197; Nardulli (1992), p. 179.
  12. ^ LOC (2); Jamison (2014).
  13. ^ a b whitehouse.gov (h).
  14. ^ Tumulty (2018); Horsley, Rosenbaum & Kesbeh (2018).
  15. ^ LOC; whitehouse.gov.
  16. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections (2010), pp. 257–258.
  17. ^ LOC.
  18. ^ McDonald (2000).
  19. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections (2010), pp. 197, 272; Nardulli (1992), p. 179.
  20. ^ Pencak (2000).
  21. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections (2010), p. 274.
  22. ^ Peterson (2000).
  23. ^ a b c Neale (2004), p. 22.
  24. ^ Banning (2000).
  25. ^ Ammon (2000).
  26. ^ Hargreaves (2000).
  27. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections (2010), p. 228; Goldman (1951), p. 159.
  28. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections (2010), p. 892; Houpt (2010), pp. 26, 280.
  29. ^ Remini (2000).
  30. ^ Cole (2000).
  31. ^ Gutzman (2000).
  32. ^ Shade (2000).
  33. ^ Abbott (2013), p. 23.
  34. ^ Cash (2018), pp. 34–36.
  35. ^ Rawley (2000).
  36. ^ Smith (2000).
  37. ^ Anbinder (2000).
  38. ^ Abbott (2005), p. 639.
  39. ^ Gara (2000).
  40. ^ Gienapp (2000).
  41. ^ McPherson (b) (2000).
  42. ^ McSeveney (1986), p. 139.
  43. ^ a b Trefousse (2000).
  44. ^ McPherson (a) (2000).
  45. ^ Hoogenboom (2000).
  46. ^ Peskin (2000).
  47. ^ Reeves (2000).
  48. ^ Cohen (2019), p. 171.
  49. ^ Greenberger (2017), pp. 174–175.
  50. ^ a b Campbell (2000).
  51. ^ Spetter (2000).
  52. ^ Gould (a) (2000).
  53. ^ Harbaugh (2000).
  54. ^ Gould (b) (2000).
  55. ^ Ambrosius (2000).
  56. ^ Hawley (2000).
  57. ^ McCoy (2000).
  58. ^ whitehouse.gov (a).
  59. ^ Senate.
  60. ^ Hoff (a) (2000).
  61. ^ Brinkley (2000).
  62. ^ Hamby (2000).
  63. ^ Ambrose (2000).
  64. ^ Parmet (2000).
  65. ^ Gardner (2000).
  66. ^ Hoff (b) (2000).
  67. ^ Greene (2013).
  68. ^ whitehouse.gov (b).
  69. ^ Schaller (2004).
  70. ^ whitehouse.gov (c).
  71. ^ whitehouse.gov (d).
  72. ^ whitehouse.gov (e).
  73. ^ whitehouse.gov (f).
  74. ^ whitehouse.gov (g).

Works cited

General

Expert studies

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External links

FAQs

Who was the 69th President of the US?

Benjamin Harrison – The White House.

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Are there 45 or 46 presidents?

Since the office was established in 1789, 45 men have served in 46 presidencies.

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Who are the first 44 presidents in order?

Contents

  • 1 George Washington (1789?1797)
  • 2 John Adams (1797?1801)
  • 3 Thomas Jefferson (1801?1809)
  • 4 James Madison (1809?1817)
  • 5 James Monroe (1817?1825)
  • 6 John Quincy Adams (1825?1829)
  • 7 Andrew Jackson (1829?1837)
  • 8 Martin Van Buren (1837?1841)

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How many US presidents are there?

There have been 46 presidencies (including the current one, Joe Biden, whose term began in 2021), and 45 different individuals have served as president.

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Who is the 100th President of the United States?

He chose not to run again in 1928, remarking that ten years as president was “longer than any other man has had it ? too long!” John Calvin Coolidge Jr. Plymouth Notch, Vermont, U.S. Northampton, Massachusetts, U.S.

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Who were the 10 best presidents?

A 2015 poll administered by the American Political Science Association (APSA) among political scientists specializing in the American presidency had Abraham Lincoln in the top spot, with George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Jefferson, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Bill Clinton, …

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Who is 4th in line for President?

If the President were to resign or die, the Secretary of State is fourth in line of succession after the Vice President, the Speaker of the House, and the President pro tempore of the Senate. There have been 71 Secretaries of State in the nation’s history.

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Who was the 2 President?

John Adams, a remarkable political philosopher, served as the second President of the United States (1797-1801), after serving as the first Vice President under President George Washington. Learned and thoughtful, John Adams was more remarkable as a political philosopher than as a politician.

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What is U.S. president salary?

On May 14th, the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Treasury, Postal Service and General Government included a provision in the Treasury appropriations bill that would increase the President’s salary to $400,000, effective January 20, 2001.

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Who was the 3rd President?

Thomas Jefferson, a spokesman for democracy, was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the third President of the United States (1801?1809).

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Who was the 4 President?

James Madison, America’s fourth President (1809-1817), made a major contribution to the ratification of the Constitution by writing The Federalist Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In later years, he was referred to as the ?Father of the Constitution.?

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Who is the richest US president?

1. Donald Trump (Net Worth $2.9 billion) When adjusted for inflation, Donald Trump is the richest person to ever serve as president ? even at the lowest estimate.

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Who was the first billionaire?

The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an Internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world’s first confirmed U.S. dollar billionaire in 1916.

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Who was the richest man ever?

Mansa Musa’s fortune was certainly colossal by any historical or contemporary standards. However, numbers floating around estimating it in hundreds of billions of today’s dollars are pure speculation.

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Presidents – The White House

Presidents – The White House John Adams The 2nd President of the United States John Adams James Madison The 4th President of the United States James Madison James Monroe The 5th President of the United States James Monroe John Tyler The 10th President of the United States John Tyler James K. Polk The 11th President of the United States James K. Polk Grover Cleveland The 22nd and 24th President of the United States Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland The 22nd and 24th President of the United States Grover Cleveland James Carter The 39th President of the United States James Carter Ronald Reagan The 40th President of the United States Ronald Reagan Barack Obama The 44th President of the United States Barack Obama Donald Trump The 45th President of the United States Donald Trump Stay Connected

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Presidents, Vice Presidents, & Coinciding Sessions of Congress

Presidents, Vice Presidents, & Coinciding Sessions of Congress | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives 1.George WashingtonJohn Adams   Apr. 30, 1789–Mar. 3, 1797 1, 2, 3, 4 2. John Adams Thomas Jefferson Mar. 4, 1797–Mar. 3, 1801 5, 6 3. Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr Mar. 4, 1801–Mar. 3, 1805 7, 8   Thomas Jefferson George Clinton Mar. 4, 1805–Mar. 3, 1809 9, 10 4.James Madison George Clinton1   Mar. 4, 1809–Mar. 3, 1813 11, 12   James Madison Elbridge Gerry2   Mar. 4, 1813–Mar. 3, 1817 13, 14 5.James Monroe Daniel D. Tompkins Mar. 4, 1817–Mar. 3, 1825 15, 16, 17, 18 6.John Quincy AdamsJohn C. Calhoun   Mar. 4, 1825–Mar. 3, 1829 19, 20 7.Andrew Jackson   John C. Calhoun3   Mar. 4, 1829–Mar. 3, 1833 21, 22   Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren Mar. 4, 1833–Mar. 3, 1837 23, 24 8. Martin Van Buren Richard M. Johnson Mar. 4, 1837–Mar. 3, 1841 25, 26 9.William Henry Harrison4  John Tyler   Mar. 4, 1841–Apr. 4, 1841 27 10. John Tyler ………… Apr. 6, 1841–Mar. 3, 1845 27, 28 11.James K. Polk George M. Dallas Mar. 4, 1845–Mar. 3, 1849 29, 30 12. Zachary Taylor4  Millard Fillmore Mar. 5, 1849–July 9, 1850 31 13. Millard Fillmore ………… July 10, 1850–Mar. 3, 1853 31, 32 14.Franklin PierceWilliam R. King5   Mar. 4, 1853–Mar. 3, 1857 33, 34 15.James BuchananJohn C. Breckinridge Mar. 4, 1857–Mar. 3, 1861 35, 36 16.Abraham LincolnHannibal Hamlin Mar. 4, 1861–Mar. 3, 1865 37, 38   Abraham Lincoln 4  Andrew Johnson Mar. 4, 1865–Apr. 15, 1865 39 17. Andrew Johnson ………… Apr. 15, 1865–Mar. 3, 1869 39, 40 18. Ulysses S. Grant Schuyler Colfax Mar. 4, 1869–Mar. 3, 1873 41, 42   Ulysses S. Grant Henry Wilson6   Mar. 4, 1873–Mar. 3, 1877 43, 44 19.Rutherford B. HayesWilliam A. Wheeler Mar. 4, 1877–Mar. 3, 1881 45, 46 20.James A. Garfield4   Chester A. Arthur Mar. 4, 1881–Sept. 19, 1881 47 21. Chester A. Arthur ………… Sept. 20, 1881–Mar. 3, 1885 47, 48 22. Grover Cleveland Thomas A. Hendricks7   Mar. 4, 1885–Mar. 3, 1889 49, 50 23. Benjamin Harrison Levi P. Morton Mar. 4, 1889–Mar. 3, 1893 51, 52 24. Grover Cleveland Adlai E. Stevenson   Mar. 4, 1893–Mar. 3, 1897 53, 54 25.William McKinley Garret A. Hobart8   Mar. 4, 1897–Mar. 3, 1901 55, 56   William McKinley4   Theodore Roosevelt Mar. 4, 1901–Sept. 14, 1901 57 26. Theodore Roosevelt ………… Sept. 14, 1901–Mar. 3, 1905 57, 58   Theodore Roosevelt Charles W. Fairbanks Mar. 4, 1905–Mar. 3, 1909 59, 60 27. William H. Taft James S. Sherman9   Mar. 4, 1909–Mar. 3, 1913 61, 62 28. Woodrow Wilson Thomas R. Marshall Mar. 4, 1913–Mar. 3, 1921 63, 64, 65, 66 29. Warren G. Harding4   Calvin Coolidge Mar. 4, 1921–Aug. 2, 1923 67, 68 30. Calvin Coolidge ………… Aug. 3, 1923–Mar. 3, 1925 68   Calvin Coolidge Charles G. Dawes Mar. 4, 1925–Mar. 3, 1929 69, 70 31. Herbert C. Hoover Charles Curtis Mar. 4, 1929–Mar. 3, 1933 71, 72 32. Franklin D. Roosevelt John N. Garner Mar. 4, 1933–Jan. 20, 1941 73, 74, 75, 76, 77   Franklin D. Roosevelt Henry A. Wallace Jan. 20, 1941–Jan. 20, 1945 77, 78, 79   Franklin D. Roosevelt 4   Harry S. Truman Jan. 20, 1945–Apr. 12, 1945 79 33. Harry S. Truman ………… Apr. 12, 1945–Jan. 20, 1949 79, 80, 81   Harry S. Truman Alben W. Barkley Jan. 20, 1949–Jan. 20, 1953 81, 82, 83 34. Dwight D. Eisenhower Richard M. Nixon Jan. 20, 1953–Jan. 20, 1961 83, 84, 85, 86, 87 35.John F. Kennedy4  Lyndon B. Johnson Jan. 20, 1961–Nov. 22, 1963 87, 88 36. Lyndon B. Johnson ………… Nov. 22, 1963–Jan. 20, 1965 88, 89   Lyndon B. Johnson Hubert H. Humphrey Jan. 20, 1965–Jan. 20, 1969 89, 90, 91 37. Richard M. Nixon Spiro T. Agnew10   Jan. 20, 1969–Dec. 6, 1973 91, 92, 93   Richard M. Nixon 12  Gerald R. Ford11   Dec. 6, 1973–Aug. 9, 1974 93 38. Gerald R. Ford ………… Aug. 9, 1974–Dec. 19, 1974 93   Gerald R. Ford Nelson A. Rockefeller 13   Dec. 19, 1974–Jan. 20, 1977 93,…

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Chronological List of Presidents, First Ladies, and Vice …

Chronological List of Presidents, First Ladies, and Vice Presidents of the United States Selected Images From the Collections of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 20540-4730 This chronological list contains entries for each president with his corresponding first lady and vice president. Note: Multiple entries appear for a president whenever there was a change in the office of vice president. YEAR PRESIDENT FIRST LADY VICE PRESIDENT 1789-1797 George Washington Martha Washington John Adams 1797-1801 John Adams Abigail Adams Thomas Jefferson 1801-1805 Thomas Jefferson [Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson died before Jefferson assumed office; no image of her in P&P collections] Aaron Burr 1805-1809 Thomas Jefferson see above George Clinton 1809-1812 James Madison Dolley Madison George Clinton 1812-1813 James Madison Dolley Madison office vacant 1813-1814 James Madison Dolley Madison Elbridge Gerry 1814-1817 James Madison Dolley Madison office vacant 1817-1825 James Monroe Elizabeth Kortright Monroe (no image) Daniel D. Tompkins 1825-1829 John Quincy Adams Louisa Catherine Adams John C. Calhoun 1829-1832 Andrew Jackson Rachel Jackson [Rachel Donelson Jackson died before Jackson assumed office and did not serve as first lady] John C. Calhoun 1833-1837 Andrew Jackson Rachel Jackson [Rachel Donelson Jackson died before Jackson assumed office and did not serve as first lady] Martin Van Buren 1837-1841 Martin Van Buren Hannah Hoes Van Buren Richard M. Johnson 1841 William Henry Harrison Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison John Tyler 1841-1845 John Tyler Letitia Christian Tyler and Julia Gardiner Tyler (no images) office vacant 1845-1849 James K. Polk Sarah Childress Polk George M. Dallas 1849-1850 Zachary Taylor Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor (no image) Millard Fillmore 1850-1853 Millard Fillmore Abigail Powers Fillmore office vacant 1853 Franklin Pierce Jane M. Pierce William R. King 1853-1857 Franklin Pierce Jane M. Pierce office vacant 1857-1861 James Buchanan (never married) John C. Breckinridge 1861-1865 Abraham Lincoln Mary Todd Lincoln Hannibal Hamlin 1865 Abraham Lincoln Mary Todd Lincoln Andrew Johnson 1865-1869 Andrew Johnson Eliza McCardle Johnson office vacant 1869-1873 Ulysses S. Grant Julia Dent Grant Schuyler Colfax 1873-1875 Ulysses S. Grant Julia Dent Grant Henry Wilson 1875-1877 Ulysses S. Grant Julia Dent Grant office vacant 1877-1881 Rutherford Birchard Hayes Lucy Webb Hayes William A. Wheeler 1881 James A. Garfield Lucretia Rudolph Garfield Chester A. Arthur 1881-1885 Chester A. Arthur Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur office vacant 1885 Grover Cleveland Frances Folsom Cleveland Thomas A. Hendricks 1885-1889 Grover Cleveland Frances Folsom Cleveland office vacant 1889-1893 Benjamin Harrison Caroline Lavinia Scott Harrison Mary Lord Harrison [Harrison’s second wife, but never a first lady] Levi P. Morton 1893-1897 Grover Cleveland Frances Folsom Cleveland Adlai E. Stevenson 1897-1899 William McKinley Ida Saxton McKinley Garret A. Hobart 1899-1901 William McKinley Ida Saxton McKinley office vacant 1901 William McKinley Ida Saxton McKinley Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1905 Theodore Roosevelt Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt office vacant 1905-1909 Theodore Roosevelt Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt Charles W. Fairbanks 1909-1912 William H. Taft Helen Herron Taft James S. Sherman 1912-1913 William H. Taft Helen Herron Taft office vacant 1913-1921 Woodrow Wilson Ellen Axson Wilson and Edith Bolling Galt Wilson Thomas R. Marshall 1921-1923 Warren G. Harding Florence Kling Harding Calvin Coolidge 1923-1925 Calvin Coolidge Grace Goodhue Coolidge office vacant 1925-1929 Calvin Coolidge Grace Goodhue Coolidge Charles G. Dawes 1929-1933 Herbert Hoover Lou Henry Hoover Charles Curtis 1933-1941 Franklin D. Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt John N. Garner 1941-1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt Henry A. Wallace 1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt Harry S. Truman 1945-1949 Harry S. Truman Bess Wallace Truman office vacant 1949-1953 Harry S. Truman Bess Wallace Truman Barkley, Alben W. 1953-1961 Dwight D. Eisenhower Mamie Doud Eisenhower Richard…

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List of presidents of the United States – Wikipedia

List of presidents of the United States White House, official residence of the president of the United States, May 2006 The president of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States,[1] indirectly elected to a four-year term via the Electoral College.[2] The officeholder leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.[3] Since the office was established in 1789, 45 men have served in 46 presidencies. The first president, George Washington, won a unanimous vote of the Electoral College;[4] one, Grover Cleveland, served two non-consecutive terms and is therefore counted as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, giving rise to the discrepancy between the number of presidencies and the number of persons who have served as president.[5] The presidency of William Henry Harrison, who died 31 days after taking office in 1841, was the shortest in American history.[6] Franklin D. Roosevelt served the longest, over twelve years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. He is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms.[7] Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected president more than twice, and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than once.[8] Four presidents died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding, and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley and John F. Kennedy), and one resigned (Richard Nixon, facing impeachment).[9] John Tyler was the first vice president to assume the presidency during a presidential term, and set the precedent that a vice president who does so becomes the fully functioning president with his presidency.[10] Throughout most of its history, American politics has been dominated by political parties. The Constitution is silent on the issue of political parties, and at the time it came into force in 1789, no organized parties existed. Soon after the 1st Congress convened, factions began rallying around dominant Washington administration officials, such as Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson.[11] Concerned about the capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. He was, and remains, the only U.S. president never affiliated with a political party.[12] The incumbent president is Joe Biden.[13] There are five living former presidents: Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump. The most recent to die was George H. W. Bush, on November 30, 2018.[14] Presidents List of presidents of the United States from 1789 – till date. No.[a] Portrait Name(Birth–Death) Term[15] Party[b][16] Election Vice President[17] 1 George Washington(1732–1799)[18] April 30, 1789–March 4, 1797 Unaffiliated 1788–89 1792 John Adams[c] 2 John Adams(1735–1826)[20] March 4, 1797–March 4, 1801 Federalist 1796 Thomas Jefferson[d] 3 Thomas Jefferson(1743–1826)[22] March 4, 1801–March 4, 1809 Democratic-Republican 1800 1804 Aaron Burr George Clinton[e] 4 James Madison(1751–1836)[24] March 4, 1809–March 4, 1817 Democratic-Republican 1808 1812 George Clinton Vacant afterApril 20, 1812 Elbridge Gerry[e] Vacant afterNovember 23, 1814 5 James Monroe(1758–1831)[25] March 4, 1817–March 4, 1825 Democratic-Republican 1816 1820 Daniel D. Tompkins 6 John Quincy Adams(1767–1848)[26] March 4, 1825–March 4, 1829 Democratic-Republican[f] National Republican 1824 John C. Calhoun[g] 7 Andrew…

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U.S. Presidents | Miller Center

U.S. Presidents | Miller Center 1 The basis of our political systems is the right of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of government. 2 Liberty, according to my metaphysics is a self-determining power in an intellectual agent. It implies thought and choice and power. 3 …some honest men fear that a republican government can not be strong, that this Government is not strong enough; 4 If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be… 5 To what, then, do we owe these blessings? It is known to all that we derive them from the excellence of our institutions. 6 Union, justice, tranquillity, the common defense, the general welfare, and the blessings of liberty—all have been promoted by the Government under… 7 But you must remember, my fellow-citizens, eternal vigilance by the people is the price of liberty, and that you must pay the price if you wish to… 8 …in all the attributes of a great, happy, and flourishing people we stand without a parallel in the world. 9 I too well understand the dangerous temptations to which I shall be exposed from the magnitude of the power which it has been the pleasure of the… 10 Wealth can only be accumulated by the earnings of industry and the savings of frugality… 11 Mexico has passed the boundary of the United States, has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon the American soil. 12 …I shall make honesty, capacity, and fidelity indispensable prerequisites to the bestowal of office… 13 The great law of morality ought to have a national as well as a personal and individual application. 14 The storm of frenzy and faction must inevitably dash itself in vain against the unshaken rock of the Constitution. 15 Next in importance to the maintenance of the Constitution and the Union is the duty of preserving the Government free from the taint or even the… 16 With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we… 17 Legislation can neither be wise nor just which seeks the welfare of a single interest at the expense and to the injury of many…  18 It was my fortune, or misfortune, to be called to the office of Chief Executive without any previous political training. 19 It is the desire of the good people of the whole country that sectionalism as a factor in our politics should disappear. 20 There can be no permanent disfranchised peasantry in the United States. 21 Experience has shown that the trade of the East is the key to national wealth and influence. 22 It is a plain dictate of honesty and good government that public expenditures should be limited by public necessity… 23 …opportunities offered to the individual to secure the comforts of life are better than are found elsewhere and largely better than they were here… 24 It is a plain dictate of honesty and good government that public expenditures should be limited by public necessity… 25 War should never be entered upon until every agency of peace has failed; peace is preferable to war in almost every contingency.  26 …legislation will generally be both unwise and ineffective unless undertaken after calm inquiry and with sober self-restraint.  27 Our international policy is always to promote peace. 28 The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political liberty. 29 Our most dangerous tendency is to expect too much of government, and at the same time do for it too little.  30 The fundamental precept of liberty is toleration. 31 In the soil poisoned by speculation grew those ugly weeds of waste, exploitation, and abuse of financial power. 32 And the love of freedom is still fierce and steady in the nation today. 33 No government is perfect. One…

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List of presidents of the United States – Britannica

United States – List of presidents of the United States state state tree state bird state flower state nickname(s) motto United States — bald eagle rose1 — In God We Trust Alabama southern longleaf pine yellowhammer; wild turkey2 common camellia; oak-leaf hydrangea5 Cotton State; Yellowhammer State; Heart of Dixie We Dare Defend Our Rights Alaska Sitka spruce willow ptarmigan alpine forget-me-not The Last Frontier North to the Future Arizona palo verde Coues’s cactus wren saguaro cactus blossom Grand Canyon State Ditat Deus (God Enriches) Arkansas pine1 northern mockingbird apple blossom The Natural State; Land of Opportunity Regnat Populus (The People Rule) California coast redwood; giant sequoia (both known as California redwood) California valley quail California poppy Golden State Eureka (I Have Found It) Colorado Colorado blue spruce lark bunting white-and-lavender columbine Centennial State Nil Sine Numine (Nothing Without Providence) Connecticut white oak American robin mountain laurel Nutmeg State; Constitution State Qui Transtulit Sustinet (He Who Transplanted Still Sustains) Delaware American holly blue hen chicken peach blossom First State; Diamond State Liberty and Independence District of Columbia scarlet oak woodthrush American Beauty hybrid rose — Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Florida sabal palm (cabbage palmetto) northern mockingbird orange blossom; coreopsis1, 5 Sunshine State In God We Trust Georgia live oak brown thrasher Cherokee rose; azalea1, 5 Empire State of the South; Peach State Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation Hawaii kukui (candlenut) nene (Hawaiian goose) yellow hibiscus Aloha State Ua Mau Ke Ea O Ka Aina I Ka Pono (The Life of the Land Is Perpetuated in Righteousness) Idaho western white pine mountain bluebird; peregrine falcon4 Lewis’s mock orange (‘Syringa’) Gem State Esto Perpetua (Let It Be Perpetual) Illinois white oak northern cardinal violet1 Prairie State; Land of Lincoln State Sovereignty, National Union Indiana tulip tree (yellow poplar) northern cardinal peony1 Hoosier State Crossroads of America Iowa oak1 eastern goldfinch wild prairie rose Hawkeye State; Corn State Our Liberties We Prize and Our Rights We Will Maintain Kansas eastern cottonwood western meadowlark common sunflower Sunflower State; Jayhawker State Ad Astra Per Aspera (To the Stars Through Difficulties) Kentucky tulip tree (yellow poplar) northern cardinal goldenrod1 Bluegrass State United We Stand, Divided We Fall Louisiana bald cypress eastern brown pelican southern magnolia; Louisiana iris5 Pelican State; Creole State; Sugar State Union, Justice, Confidence Maine eastern white pine black-capped chickadee white pine cone and tassel Pine Tree State Dirigo (I Direct) Maryland white oak Baltimore oriole black-eyed Susan Free State; Old Line State Fatti Maschii, Parole Femine (Manly Deeds, Womanly Words) Massachusetts American elm black-capped chickadee; wild turkey2 mayflower (trailing arbutus) Bay State; Old Colony State Ense Petit Placidam Sub Libertate Quietem (By the Sword We Seek Peace, But Peace Only Under Liberty) Michigan white pine American robin apple blossom; dwarf lake iris5 Wolverine State; Great Lake State Si Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam Circumspice (If You Seek a Pleasant Peninsula, Look About You) Minnesota red, or Norway, pine common loon pink-and-white lady’s slipper North Star State; Gopher State; Land of 10,000 Lakes; Land of Sky-Blue Waters L’Étoile du Nord (The North Star) Mississippi southern magnolia northern mockingbird; wood duck3 southern magnolia Magnolia State Virtute et Armis (By Valor and Arms) Missouri flowering dogwood…

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Presidents – The White House

Presidents – The White House This is historical material “frozen in time”. The website is no longer updated and links to external websites and some internal pages may not work.

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The Presidents Timeline – White House Historical Association

The Presidents Timeline Collection The 2021 White House Christmas Ornament Every year since 1981, the White House Historical Association has had the privilege of designing the Official White House Christmas Ornament…. Collection The Decatur House Slave Quarters In 1821-1822, Susan Decatur requested the construction of a service wing. The first floor featured a large kitchen, dining room,… Podcast A Discussion with the Voices of Lafayette Park Thousands of people traverse historic Lafayette Park every day to get a glimpse of the White House. The park, right… Collection Native Americans and the White House Native Americans hold a significant place in White House history. For thousands of years, Indigenous peoples, including the Nacotchtank and… Collection Presidential and First Lady Portraits Since 1965, the White House Historical Association has been proud to fund the official portraits of our presidents and first ladies,… Collection The 2022 White House Christmas Ornament Every year since 1981, the White House Historical Association has had the privilege of designing the Official White House Christmas Ornament…. Collection Olympic Celebrations Honoring some of the greatest moments in sports history has become a tradition at the White House. Presidents and their… Podcast Freemasons and the White House Since the laying of the cornerstone in 1792, Freemasons have played an important role in the construction and the history of… Collection A Cultural Connection For more than two hundred years, France and the United States have enjoyed a relationship unparalleled in world history. From… Collection Presidential Retreats Presidents have found different ways to escape the pressures and politics of the position. For early leaders, it was a… Collection A Tour of the White House In 1961, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy resolved to make the White House a “living museum” by restoring the historic integrity of the… Collection The First Ladies Biographies & Portraits

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