A lesser known nickname for Boston is The Athens of America, used mainly in literary circles during the first half of the 20th Century. The origin is believed to be in a letter written in 1764 by Samuel Adams, as quoted in History of the United States, by George
Bancroft, Volume 5, page 195 (1857), in which Adams wrote “Boston might become a Christian Sparta.”
Also, in 1819, William Tudor wrote a letter describing the town: “[Boston] is perhaps the most perfect and certainly the best-regulated democracy that ever existed. There is something so impossible in the immortal fame of Athens, that the very name makes everything modern shrink from comparison; but since the
days of that glorious city I know of none that has approached so near in some points, distant as it may still be from that illustrious model.”
Aristides the Just
On the western slope of Beacon Hill, at Louisburg Square, is a statue of Ancient Greek general and statesman Aristides the Just (530?-468 BC). Aristides led the army in a great victory over the Persians at the Battle of Plataea (479). In 478, he
was a prominent leader in the formation of the confederacy of Greek city-states known as the Delian League. The Aristides statue on Beacon Hill was a significant symbol of the Athens of America alias, and also of 1850s Brahmin culture.
Louisburg Square is collectively owned by a group of wealthy Boston residents. Joseph Iasigi, of Greek descent and one of the owners of the square, received approval in 1852 and installed the statue of Aristides. The square also hosts a statue of
Christopher Columbus, installed about the same time, located at the opposite end as Aristides. In the early 1900s, a club of engineering and technology students resided at a building in the square, and Aristides became known as Uncle Louisburg or just
Uncle Louie by the younger generations.
Many of the quaint row houses and streets on Beacon Hill resemble parts of old London. This was of course, by design. According to the book Some Statues of Boston (1946), by State Street Trust Company, a former resident recalled that the Edison
Company had at one time taken photographs of Louisburg Square, and thus avoided the need to travel to London to take photographs.
Edinburgh in Scotland was also known as a Modern Athens at about the same time Boston was espousing its similarity with the ancient Greek city.
FAQs
Which city is known as the Athens of America?
The term Athens of America to refer to Philadelphia was used as early as 1783, though later some applied the same phrase to Boston, and towns named Athens dotted the American landscape
Why is Boston the Athens of America?
Like ancient Athens, Boston would be a city of great statesmen, wealthy patrons, inspiring artists, and profound thinkers, headed by members of the “happy and respectable classes” who would assume responsibility for the safety, welfare, and education of the “less prosperous portions of the community.”
Why is Boston city on a hill?
came from governor John Winthrop’s goal, of the original Massachusetts Bay Colony, to create the biblical “City on a Hill.” It also refers to the original three hills of Boston.
What is Boston city known for?
Boston is known for its famous clam chowder, the Boston Marathon, the bar from Cheers, baseball (the Red Sox), Fenway Park and of course, baked beans. But did you know that Boston is famous also for its rich history, and that it was the birthplace of the American Revolution (Boston Tea Party, anyone)?Aug 3, 2020
Is Boston the Athens of America?
A lesser known nickname for Boston is The Athens of America, used mainly in literary circles during the first half of the 20th Century.
What do they call Boston?
Boston goes by many nicknames ? The Cradle of Liberty, The Athens of America, and The Hub of the Universe, to name a few. Perhaps the most colloquially used label, however, is Beantown.
Why is Boston called New England?
Colonial period
In 1620, the Pilgrims arrived on the Mayflower and established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, beginning the history of permanent European colonization in New England. In 1616, English explorer John Smith named the region “New England”.
Why is it called Beantown?
Puritans took to the beans, the slave trade brought us molasses, and the most common tale is that sailors and merchants passing through the region’s biggest city would enjoy the quick, cheap meal to such a degree that the Beantown nickname emerged through word of mouth.
What do you call a person from Boston?
A Bostonian is a person from Boston, Massachusetts, United States, or of Boston, Lincolnshire, England. Bostonian may also refer to: Bostonian (horse), an American racehorse. The Bostonians, a novel by Henry James.
Is Boston older than New York?
Boston is the oldest with 35.7% of its residences built before 1940. This varies from 55.6% in the historical core city of Boston to roughly 32 percent in the suburbs, which are the oldest themselves in the country.
What do Boston people call soda?
A solid 6% of Americans simply call them soft drinks, especially in Louisiana and North Carolina. In small pockets of the Deep South, cocola is the preferred term. And in Boston, tonic is what a decent amount of older residents grew up saying, although that term is quickly falling out of favor.
Why do Bostonians say kid?
Kid (n.): a term of endearment that you use to address your closest friends. Masshole (n.): a derogatory term for Massachusetts residents that Bay Staters have reappropriated.
What is the oldest town in USA?
St. Augustine, founded in September 1565 by Don Pedro Menendez de Aviles of Spain, is the longest continually inhabited European-founded city in the United States ? more commonly called the “Nation’s Oldest City.”
What’s the oldest city in the world?
Jericho, Palestine
A small city with a population of 20,000 people, Jericho, which is located in Palestine, is believed to be the oldest city in the world.
Who settled in America first?
Five hundred years before Columbus, a daring band of Vikings led by Leif Eriksson set foot in North America and established a settlement.
What is the oldest city in world?
Jericho, Palestinian Territories
A small city with a population of 20,000 people, Jericho, which is located in the Palestine Territories, is believed to be the oldest city in the world. Indeed, some of the earliest archeological evidence from the area dates back 11,000 years.
What is America’s healthiest city?
San Francisco, California ranked No. 1 due to its residents’ mental and physical health, health insurance coverage and because 83% of its population is vaccinated, according to Gonzalez.
What’s the unhealthiest state in America?
1. Mississippi. Mississippi has consistently been the country’s most unhealthy state for several years. While Mississippi has a low drug death rate and low prevalence of excessive drinking, it falls behind in many other categories.
Which country is the oldest in the world?
By many accounts, the Republic of San Marino, one of the world’s smallest countries, is also the world’s oldest country.
What city was once known as 'The Athens of America'? – WHYY
What city was once known as ‘The Athens of America’? This is the sixth in a series of essays on key phrases from Philadelphia’s history, being written for the Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia project. In the decades after American independence, the atmosphere of liberty in Philadelphia spawned an artistic spirit that earned this city its reputation as the Athens of America. Here, enthusiasm for the arts grew with the same fervor and in the same houses, streets, and shops where the seeds of political freedom had been sown and cultivated a generation earlier. Philadelphia began to grow into a vibrant, varied, and long-lasting center for arts and culture. To many, there were clear parallels between Athens in the Great Age of Pericles (480 B.C. – 404 B.C.) and Philadelphia in the early national period (1790-1840). Athens’ architectural monuments, sculpture, wall painting, pottery, furniture, literature, music, and theatre established the fundamental elements of these arts for more than two thousand years. Philadelphia was poised to take the lead artistically for America in the same way Athens inspired the ancient world. For Philadelphians — artists and patrons alike — of the 1790s and early 1800s, the term Athens of America was (and perhaps remains) more an aspiration than an accomplishment; more a vision than a triumph. And it was as much about producing art as it was about a government that fostered artistic creation. Classical in fashion Following the 1788 ratification of the U.S. Constitution, many Americans were full of heady ideology as they hearkened back to the purity of the democracy of ancient Athens and the importance of the individual to the success of the whole. Visually, the imitation of ancient Athenian art — broadly referred to as classical art — emerged in the mid-1700s during the archaeological excavations of the cities of ancient Greece. Europeans soon revived the arts of ancient Athens (and later Rome) as the prevailing taste, evident in everything from temple-like architecture to high-waisted columnar dresses. This embrace of classical art was uniquely timed with Americans’ enthusiasm for democracy. When the federal government moved to Philadelphia in 1790 for a ten-year stint, the city was ripe for the flowering of a golden age. Not only was it the most populous and most commercially active American city, the new nation’s capital was an epicenter of intellectual thought and visual expression. Philadelphia institutions were the first to provide access to literature, to encourage artistic and scientific innovation, and to display paintings publicly: consider Benjamin Franklin founding the Library Company (1731) and American Philosophical Society (1743) and Charles Willson Peale opening a portrait gallery (1782) and natural history museum (1786). From this foundation, the city embarked on an aggressive campaign to build banks, religious and municipal buildings, theatres, art and music schools, academies, and extraordinary residences. The architecture of the new United States was identified by the Philadelphia court house, which became Congress Hall and still stands at Chestnut and Sixth Streets. The temple front, proportions, flat surfaces and arches, Greek-key cornice, and interior plaster ornament reference Greek architecture—in contrast to the State House (now Independence Hall, completed in 1753), Christ Church (completed in 1755), and Carpenter’s Hall (completed in 1773). By the 1800s, the subtlety of Congress Hall gave way to more and more pronounced imitation, such as the creations of British-born architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe (1764-1820): the Waterworks at Center Square (1800, now the site of City Hall), the Bank of Pennsylvania (1801), and the house and furniture of William and Mary Waln (1808). Latrobe’s protégées continued his legacy: Second Bank of the United States (William Strickland, 1816), Washington Hall (Robert Mills, 1816), the Fairmount Water Works (Frederick Graff, 1822), Girard College (Thomas U. Walter, 1833), and Nicholas Biddle’s estate, Andalusia (Latrobe, 1811 and Walter, 1837). [Illustration] Greece as model Sculptor William Rush progressed from carving ship figureheads to major public monuments in the classical style. Painters, led by Gilbert Stuart, Thomas Sully, and the Peale family, depicted the…
Athens of America Origin, an Old Nickname for Boston
Athens of America Origin, an Old Nickname for Boston A lesser known nickname for Boston is The Athens of America, used mainly in literary circles during the first half of the 20th Century. The origin is believed to be in a letter written in 1764 by Samuel Adams, as quoted in History of the United States, by George Bancroft, Volume 5, page 195 (1857), in which Adams wrote “Boston might become a Christian Sparta.” Also, in 1819, William Tudor wrote a letter describing the town: “[Boston] is perhaps the most perfect and certainly the best-regulated democracy that ever existed. There is something so impossible in the immortal fame of Athens, that the very name makes everything modern shrink from comparison; but since the days of that glorious city I know of none that has approached so near in some points, distant as it may still be from that illustrious model.” Aristides the Just On the western slope of Beacon Hill, at Louisburg Square, is a statue of Ancient Greek general and statesman Aristides the Just (530?-468 BC). Aristides led the army in a great victory over the Persians at the Battle of Plataea (479). In 478, he was a prominent leader in the formation of the confederacy of Greek city-states known as the Delian League. The Aristides statue on Beacon Hill was a significant symbol of the Athens of America alias, and also of 1850s Brahmin culture. Louisburg Square is collectively owned by a group of wealthy Boston residents. Joseph Iasigi, of Greek descent and one of the owners of the square, received approval in 1852 and installed the statue of Aristides. The square also hosts a statue of Christopher Columbus, installed about the same time, located at the opposite end as Aristides. In the early 1900s, a club of engineering and technology students resided at a building in the square, and Aristides became known as Uncle Louisburg or just Uncle Louie by the younger generations. Many of the quaint row houses and streets on Beacon Hill resemble parts of old London. This was of course, by design. According to the book Some Statues of Boston (1946), by State Street Trust Company, a former resident recalled that the Edison Company had at one time taken photographs of Louisburg Square, and thus avoided the need to travel to London to take photographs. Edinburgh in Scotland was also known as a Modern Athens at about the same time Boston was espousing its similarity with the ancient Greek city.
The Athens of America – University of Massachusetts Press
The Athens of America Skip to content Donate Home The Athens of America Boston, 1825-1845by Thomas H. O’ConnorPublished by: University of Massachusetts Press 240 Pages, x 0.70 in, 27 b&w illus. Paperback 9781558495180 Published: February 2006 $27.95 BUY Other Retailers: Amazon Barnes & Noble Bookshop Description Author Praise Related Books
'Athens Of America': How Boston Earned Its Historic Nickname
‘Athens Of America’: How Boston Earned Its Historic Nickname In 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville, the celebrated French aristocrat, made his famous trip to America. This is what he penned down in his book, “Democracy in America.” “Almost all the inhabitants of the territory of the Union are the descendants of a common stock….Why (then), in the eastern states of the Union, does the republican government display vigor and regularity, and proceed with mature deliberation? From where does it derive the wisdom and durability which mark its acts, while in the western states, on the contrary, society seems to be ruled by the powers of chance?” According to Tocqueville, wise men came from the east. And if wise men came from the east, Boston was the cradle. On this trip, Tocqueville would meet a Bostonian conclave whose conversations were “highly intellectual” and whose manners were “distinguished.” Yet not to be overly glossy, Boston, at this time, was still a cultural backwater compared to European cities like London or Paris. In a few years, however, it would stand shoulder to shoulder with the planet’s best, even at the helm of high culture and intellectualism. How did this happen? Athens Of America: Origins Of The Phrase Way before the birth of the republic in 1789, a few men came together in Philadelphia and set up a library. It was the first in the United States. In this group was Benjamin Franklin, then 27. Thomas Penn, the then proprietor of Philadelphia was having some official function to do with the library. In their address, the directors of the subscription-based library, solicited the king for royal countenance and protection, praying that Philadelphia may “be the future Athens of America.” American founders always looked to ancient Greece and Rome as standard setters in the establishment of the new republic. But all politics is local, and George Bancroft writes in his book History of the United States, how Samuel Adams’s prayer was for Boston to “become a Christian Sparta.” It’s interesting because Sparta’s enduring fame related more to the body than to the mind. But Samuel Adams could have been thinking of loyalty as well, not military discipline. Still, it shows how Greece had significant charm and sway with the founders and early settlers. Then in 1819, William Tudor, co-founder and first editor of the popular North American Review, the oldest literary magazine in the country, referred to Boston as the ‘Athens of America’—for being “perhaps the most perfect and certainly the best-regulated democracy that ever existed.” During the 1848 revolutions that swept through many countries in Europe, a Hungarian nobleman, Ferenc Pulszky was forced into exile. He went to Britain, and later, the United States. In the US, Boston was one port of call. After looking around, he was impressed. He particularly marveled at Boston’s social institutions like asylums, hospitals, and then thriving intellectualism—through engaging public lectures, almost similar to the ones that used to take place in the Agora in ancient Greece. “Boston is for America what the court of Weimar once was for Germany,” he would later write. Oliver Wendel Holmes would later write about Boston Brahmins in reference to an exclusive intellectual aristocracy that was blossoming in Beantown. In the first chapter of his book Elsie Venner, Holmes described youth in this intellectual aristocracy as having bright and quick eyes, and lips that play over the thoughts “as a pianist’s fingers dance over their music.” Influence of Havard On The 19th Century Intellectual Culture of Boston One time John F. Kennedy organized a lavish dinner for Nobel prize winners in the White House. It was, he would remark, “the most extraordinary collection of talent, of human knowledge, that has ever been gathered together at the White House, with the possible exception of when Thomas Jefferson dined alone.” Yet at one time the city of Boston boasted a galaxy of distinguished intellectuals in Jefferson’s mold, only a few blocks apart….
Athens of America – Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia
Athens of America – Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia Essay In the decades after American independence, the atmosphere of liberty in Philadelphia spawned an artistic spirit that earned this city its reputation as the Athens of America. Here, enthusiasm for the arts grew with the same fervor and in the same houses, streets, and shops where the seeds of political freedom had been sown and cultivated a generation earlier. Philadelphia began to grow into a vibrant, varied, and long-lasting center for arts and culture. To many, there were clear parallels between Athens in the Great Age of Pericles (480 BC-404 BC) and Philadelphia in the early national period (1790-1840). Athens’ architectural monuments, sculpture, wall painting, pottery, furniture, literature, music, and theatre established the fundamental elements of these arts for more than two thousand years. Philadelphia was poised to take the lead artistically for America in the same way Athens inspired the ancient world. Presented to Charles Thomson in esteem for his service as the first secretary of the Continental Congress in 1774, this hot water urn is considered the first monumental American expression of the Greek-inspired neoclassical style. (Philadelphia Museum of Art) For Philadelphians—artists and patrons alike—of the 1790s and early 1800s, the term Athens of America was (and perhaps remains) more an aspiration than an accomplishment; more a vision than a triumph. And it was as much about producing art as it was about a government that fostered artistic creation. Following the 1788 ratification of the U.S. Constitution, many Americans were full of heady ideology as they hearkened back to the purity of the democracy of ancient Athens and the importance of the individual to the success of the whole. Athenian Art Revival Visually, the imitation of ancient Athenian art—broadly referred to as classical art—emerged in the mid-1700s during the archaeological excavations of the cities of ancient Greece. Europeans soon revived the arts of ancient Athens (and later Rome) as the prevailing taste, evident in everything from temple-like architecture to high-waisted columnar dresses. This embrace of classical art was uniquely timed with Americans’ enthusiasm for democracy. When the federal government moved to Philadelphia in 1790 for a ten-year stint, the city was ripe for the flowering of a golden age. Not only was it the most populous and most commercially active American city, the new nation’s capital was an epicenter of intellectual thought and visual expression. Philadelphia institutions were the first to provide access to literature, to encourage artistic and scientific innovation, and to display paintings publicly: consider Benjamin Franklin founding the Library Company (1731) and American Philosophical Society (1743) and Charles Willson Peale opening a portrait gallery (1782) and natural history museum (1786). From this foundation, the city embarked on an aggressive campaign to build banks, religious and municipal buildings, theatres, art and music schools, academies, and extraordinary residences. The architecture of the new United States was identified by the Philadelphia court house, which became Congress Hall and still stands at Chestnut and Sixth Streets. The temple front, proportions, flat surfaces and arches, Greek-key cornice, and interior plaster ornament reference Greek architecture—in contrast to the State House (now Independence Hall, completed in 1753), Christ Church (completed in 1755), and Carpenter’s Hall (completed in 1773). Andalusia, overlooking the Delaware River. (Photograph courtesy of Connie S. Griffith Houchins.) By the 1800s, the subtlety of Congress Hall gave way to more and more pronounced imitation, such as the creations of British-born architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe (1764-1820): the Waterworks at Center Square (1800, now the site of City Hall), the Bank of Pennsylvania (1801), and the house and furniture of William and Mary Waln (1808). Latrobe’s protégées continued his legacy: Second Bank of the United States (William Strickland, 1816), Washington Hall (Robert Mills, 1816), the Fairmount Water Works (Frederick Graff, 1822), Girard College (Thomas U. Walter, 1833), and Nicholas Biddle’s estate, Andalusia (Latrobe, 1811 and Walter, 1837). Classical Columns and Draperies Sculptor William Rush progressed from carving ship figureheads to major public monuments in the classical style. Painters, led by Gilbert Stuart, Thomas Sully, and the Peale family, depicted the city’s leaders flanked by classical columns and draperies, and composed pictures based on Greek mythology and…
The Messenger | Why Was Boston the Athens of America?
The Messenger | Why Was Boston the Athens of America? | The Old North Church & Historic Site By Robert J. Allison, PhD Today’s post is the first in a series of editorial “think pieces” touching upon some of the themes that will be explored in further detail over the coming months. When James Franklin feared that his recalcitrant apprentice would runoff, he warned every other printer in town not to hire him. Benjamin Franklin, age 16, had to leave Boston to find work. He made his way to the nearest printing shop, in New York. The one printer there had no work but sent Benjamin to Philadelphia, where there were two printing presses. Between Quebec and the Chesapeake Bay, there were eight printers; five of them were in Boston, which was in 1722 the intellectual center of British North America. Boston could support all these printers because New England had a literate population. The religion of the puritans encouraged—mandated—an engagement with texts and arguments over religious doctrine. Boston’s leading divines were also its most-published writers, and Cotton Mather wrote not only religious tracts and sermons but works of history and natural philosophy. By the time of the American Revolution, Philadelphia had become the economic and intellectual center of North America, in some measure because of the puritan characteristics Benjamin Franklin had brought from Boston. But Bostonians brought about the Revolution, and in the generation, after William Tudor noted the way Bostonians cherished their historical landmarks, such as Faneuil Hall, in the same way, the Athenians treasured Greece’s historical legacy. Tudor is credited with calling Boston the “Athens of America,” suggesting an elevated culture in the old city. Tudor also helped to create the Boston Athenaeum, and in addition to being one of the most versatile writers in Boston (his essays ranged from politics and philosophy to cranberries and the purring of cats) was a business agent in the Caribbean for his brother Frederick, the ice king, and died on a diplomatic mission to South America. His “Athens of America” note, and the nature of his own social status, suggests a kind of elitism in Boston culture, which might have some truth to it. But Boston was creating a culture that transcended lines of class and status. The Massachusetts Constitution of 1780 calls for diffusing wisdom and knowledge through the “body of the people,” and makes it “the duty of legislatures and magistrates, in all future periods of this commonwealth, to cherish the interests of literature and the sciences, and all seminaries of them,” including of course Harvard College, but also “public schools and grammar schools in the towns. . . . ” At the time when Boston was receiving thousands of immigrants from Ireland and Germany, Massachusetts was expanding its public schools, to introduce new Americans to the ideas of the past and preparing for the future. Much of this was the work of Horace Mann, who had benefitted in his home town of Franklin from a gift of books given by the town’s namesake (the town had asked Benjamin Franklin for a bell in return for renaming their town in his honor; he thought they could use sense more than sound, so sent them a library). Charles Dickens reported from Lowell in the 1840s on two things about the mills which would surprise his English readers. The women working in the Lowell mills, in addition to making Massachusetts the leading American industrial state, belonged to lending libraries, and they published a journal which he said rivaled English periodicals. Boston became the “Athens of America” because of its literate and engaged citizenry, and because wisdom and knowledge, and the advantages of education are diffused throughout the body of the people….
Nicknames of Boston – Wikipedia
Nicknames of Boston “Beantown” redirects here. For the town formerly known as Beantown, see Waldorf, Maryland. Boston has many nicknames, inspired by various historical contexts. They include: The City on a Hill came from governor John Winthrop’s goal, of the original Massachusetts Bay Colony, to create the biblical “City on a Hill.” It also refers to the original three hills of Boston. The Hub is a shortened form of a phrase recorded by writer Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Hub of the Solar System.[1] This has since developed into The Hub of the Universe.[2][3] The Athens of America is a title given by William Tudor, co-founder of the North American Review, for Boston’s great cultural and intellectual influence. Also a nickname of Philadelphia.[4] The Puritan City was given in reference to the religion of the city’s founders. The Cradle of Liberty derives from Boston’s role in instigating the American Revolution. Also a nickname of Philadelphia.[5] City of Notions was coined at least as early as 1823.[6][7] America’s Walking City was given due to Boston’s compact nature and high population density, which have made walking an effective and popular mode of transit in the city. In fact, it has the seventh-highest percentage of pedestrian commuters of any city in the United States, while neighboring Cambridge has the highest. Beantown refers to the regional dish of Boston baked beans. In colonial days, a favorite Boston food was beans slow-baked in molasses.[8] Titletown refers to Boston’s historic dominance in professional sports, specifically the Boston Celtics, who have won 17 NBA Championships, and the New England Patriots, who have won six Super Bowl Titles.[9][10][11] City of Champions much like Titletown—refers to Boston’s history of dominance in sports, with the Boston Red Sox, Boston Celtics, Boston Bruins, and New England Patriots each having won multiple national championships.[12][13][14][15] The Olde Towne comes from the fact that Boston is one of the oldest cities in the United States. It is also used in reference to the Boston Red Sox (The Olde Towne Team).[16] References[edit] ^ Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1858). The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table. Phillips, Sampson and Company.; Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1891) [1858]. The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table. Houghton, Mifflin and Company. p. 172 “A jaunty-looking person… said there was one more wise man’s saying that he had heard; it was about our place—but he didn’t know who said it…. ‘Boston State-House is the Hub of the Solar System. You couldn’t pry that out of a Boston man if you had the tire of all creation straightened out for a crow-bar.'” ^ Bulfinch, Thomas (1942). Klapp, W. H. (ed.). The Age of Fable. Kingsport, Tennessee: Kingsport Press. p. vii. ^ “Boston’s nicknames: Beantown, Hub, the Walking City”. The Boston Globe. August 10, 2006. ^ “LCP Art”. Retrieved 2010-06-12. ^ “Words and Their Stories: Nicknames for Philadelphia and Boston”. Voice of America. Retrieved July 11, 2017. ^ “Their Nicknames”. Decatur Daily Dispatch: 2?. September 23, 1889. Archived from the original on September 27, 2006. Decatur, Illinois. Found at listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0307b&L=ads-l&P=2093. ^ For 1823 reference see: Woodstock (VT) Observer, 5/13/1823, p.3. ^ “10 classic Boston dishes, and 5 places to find each one”. Boston Globe Media Partners….